The component proteins of a cell and their posttranslational modifications may change with cell cycle, environmental conditions, developmental stage, and metabolic state. The extent to which a protein is modified reveals not only its present activity, but its past and its future. The prospects for proteomics research to elucidate all protein posttranslational modifications and to quantify changes in abundance are challenging. Technologies to pinpoint protein modifications and measure relative protein abundances will be reviewed and discussed.
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