One significant finding of Juno spacecraft is the discovery of vortex crystals at Jupiter's poles. These structures are notably stable, oscillating around their equilibrium positions over several months and drifting around the pole over decades. However, the mechanisms behind their origin and dynamics are still largely unexplained. Here we introduce a rotating convection model to explain their origin. Our results show that vortex crystals can naturally form through rotating convection and may be deeply rooted in the atmosphere. Additionally, we propose an N-body dynamic model to elucidate their stability, oscillation, and drift. Our findings indicate that the patterns and locations of these vortex crystals are not unique. The results from our models align well with observational data, providing a promising explanation for these phenomena.
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