New-generation sequencing data has transformed the biological sciences, allowing us to address research questions that previously were considered intractable. In this talk I will discuss computational methods for analyzing such data, and discuss some applications to population genetics. In one project we sequenced the exomes of representative Han Chinese and Tibetan humans to elucidate the genetic causes of altitude adaptation in Tibetans. We show that selection on the EPAS1 gene can explain previously described physiological differences between Han Chinese individuals and Tibetans. I will also discuss applications in other systems including other humans, such as the sequencing of the first Aboriginal Australian genome.
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